January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month. At Beacon Clinic, we highlight cancer awareness months, as they help us bring attention to how our community members can take preventive measures or other proactive steps to minimize the impact of cancer through early detection and effective treatment.
Cervical cancer is less common than breast, lung, and colorectal cancers for women; however, it still remains a significant health concern. Over 13,000 cases in the United States are diagnosed every year, and it is the cause of over 4,000 deaths. Despite its severity, however, cervical cancer is highly preventable and treatable when detected early. For this reason, early detection through routine screenings is critical in addressing this disease.
Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer
The primary contributor to cervical cancer is repeated infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). Additional risk factors include:
- Early sexual activity: Exposure to HPV at a young age increases the risk.
- Multiple sexual partners: This raises the likelihood of contracting HPV.
- Smoking: Tobacco use weakens the immune system, reducing the body’s ability to combat HPV infections.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive medications may heighten the risk.
The Role of Screenings and Vaccination
Routine screenings are critical in the early detection of cervical cancer. A Pap test, often combined with an HPV test, can identify precancerous changes in cervical cells. These tests are routine and can be administered in a doctor’s office. The American Cancer Society recommends that women begin regular screenings at age 25 and continue until age 65, depending on personal health factors and screening history.
The HPV vaccine protects against the most common cancer-causing strains of the virus. The HPV vaccine is more effective if given before exposure to HPV, typically during adolescence.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In its early stages, cervical cancer often does not present noticeable symptoms. This asymptomatic phase underscores the importance of regular cancer screenings. Pap tests and HPV tests can detect abnormal changes in cervical cells before they are cancerous. However, as the disease progresses, other noticeable symptoms may arise, including:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding: This can occur between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
- Persistent pelvic pain: Discomfort in the pelvic area unrelated to menstruation.
- Abnormal vaginal discharge: This may be watery, tinged with blood, or have an unusual odor.
- Pain during intercourse: Often caused by cancer invading surrounding tissues.
These symptoms can indicate conditions other than cervical cancer. Nevertheless, experiencing these signs warrants immediate consultation with a healthcare professional.
The Importance of Early Detection
Early detection of cervical cancer dramatically improves treatment outcomes. When diagnosed at an early stage, cervical cancer is treatable, with high survival rates exceeding 90% for localized (i.e., not metastasized) cases. Treatments may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination tailored to the patient’s needs.
Take Charge of Your Health
Cervical cancer is a preventable disease; unfortunately, however, lack of awareness and delayed diagnoses means that it continues to claim lives. This Cervical Cancer Awareness month is a good reminder for women over 25 to schedule their annual physical, including a PAP and HPV test. These regular screenings, as well as obtaining the HPV vaccination, are powerful tools in reducing the likelihood of contracting this disease.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cervical cancer, Beacon Clinic is here to provide comprehensive cancer care. Our cancer care team is dedicated to guiding you through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Contact Beacon Clinic today for more information or to schedule a consultation.
