Many people think cancer is primarily something to worry about when you’re older; however, some cancers are more likely to occur at a younger age. Testicular cancer is one of these. Though rare overall (fewer than 10,000 cases are diagnosed each year in the United States), it’s the most common type of cancer found in men ages 15 to 35.
Testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially when found early. However, being detected early requires one crucial step: noticing changes in the testicles. That’s where testicular self-exams come in, and why they are critical for men.
At Beacon Clinic, we have cancer care, rheumatology, and urology practices. As is true for so many health issues, and particularly for cancer, early detection is a critical factor in obtaining optimal outcomes. For testicular cancer, performing a quick self-check once a month can help catch it early. Testicular exams can also help detect other health conditions that are important to address.
The Self-Exam: It’s Worth Your Time
Just as women regularly perform breast self-exams, men should perform testicular self-exams about once per month. A testicular self-exam is simple and takes only about a minute. Ideally, you should perform the exam after a warm shower, when your skin is relaxed. Here’s how to perform a self-exam:
- Stand in front of a full-length mirror. Look for any swelling or changes in the size or shape of the testicles.
- Use both hands to examine each testicle. Gently roll each between your thumb and fingers.
- Feel for lumps, changes in firmness, or anything that wasn’t there before.
Knowing what’s normal for you makes it easier to notice when something’s off. In particular, men should look out for:
- A small lump or bump (often painless)
- A feeling of heaviness or aching in the scrotum
- Swelling or enlargement of a testicle
- A buildup of fluid in the scrotum that develops suddenly
- Breast tenderness or growth (rare, but possible due to hormonal changes)
Even if you find something, don’t panic. Most lumps aren’t cancer, but some are, and it’s not worth guessing. If something is irregular, make an appointment with your regular physician or with a urologist. The earlier testicular cancer is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat, and the outcomes are often excellent; testicular cancer has about a 99% cure rate when the cancer is localized to the testicles.
Other Problems Your Self-Exam Can Detect
While the goal is often to detect testicular cancer, a self-exam can also alert you to other potential issues:
- Hydrocele: A painless buildup of fluid around the testicle that causes swelling. It’s usually harmless but can be uncomfortable.
- Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum that can feel like a “bag of worms.” It can affect fertility in some men.
- Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often due to infection. It may cause swelling, tenderness, or pain.
- Inguinal Hernia: A bulge in the groin or scrotum that may increase with lifting or straining. It occurs when part of the intestine pushes through a weak area of the abdominal wall.
- Testicular Torsion: A sudden, painful twisting of the spermatic cord that cuts off blood flow. This is a medical emergency; if not treated quickly, it can result in permanent damage.
Most of these conditions aren’t life-threatening but still need medical attention. And since many of them can feel similar, it’s important not to self-diagnose. If something feels off, get checked out by a doctor.
Who’s at Risk for Testicular Cancer?
Any man can develop testicular issues, whether it’s cancer, infection, or something else. But some men have a higher risk for testicular cancer, including those with:
- A family history of testicular cancer
- A previously undescended testicle
- A personal history of testicular cancer
- Certain genetic conditions
However, most cases occur in men with no known risk factors. That’s why regular self-exams are smart for all men, not just those in a risk group.
Beacon’s Urology Team Is Here to Help
At Beacon Clinic in Coeur d’Alene, our urology department works with men across all stages of life to manage their reproductive and urinary health. Whether you’re checking out a lump, dealing with pain, or just need some peace of mind, we’re here for you.
We know these topics aren’t always easy to confront, but self-exams are the best way to detect problems early. Taking one minute once a month to check your testicles could save you a lot of stress and, in some cases, even your life, so take the time to do a self-exam after your next shower. If you notice anything unusual or if you just want a check-up to be sure, contact Beacon Clinic to schedule a consultation. We’re here to help, answer your questions, and keep your health on track.
